Pollution and its effects

Pollution is a very important concern which cannot be neglected. Pollution comes from the word pollute which means spoiling or making the environment dirty.

Environmental pollution consists of five basic types of pollution, namely, air, water, soil, noise and light.

Air pollution is cause by the injurious smoke emitted by cars, buses, trucks, trains, and factories, namely sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide. Air pollution effects are very severe.

Humans pollute water with large scale disposal of garbage, flowers, ashes and other household waste. Now discussing on Water pollution information, it is caused due to industrial waste products released into lakes, rivers, and other water bodies.

Noise pollution, soil pollution and light pollution too are the damaging the environment at an alarming rate. Noise pollution include aircraft noise, noise of cars, buses, and trucks, vehicle horns, loudspeakers.

Pollution is a greatest problem that the world is facing today is that of environmental pollution, increasing with every passing year and causing grave and irreparable damage to the earth.

Atom and its structure

I would say the definition of atom" as basic unit of matter; it can also called the building blocks of anything which exists in form". The central portion of an atom is known as the atomic nucleus. Atoms consist of protons, which carry positive charge, neutrons, which carry no electric charge.

 Protons are the positively charged particles, and electrons are negatively charged. Atoms make up matter and matter makes up the universe. 

Atoms get together to form molecules. Atoms are made of electrons and protons,When atoms of different elements come together, compound molecules are formed. As you might know, there are two types of compounds, ionic and covalent. The ions of ionic compounds are bound together due to the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged bodies.

Please send in your comments to improve my blogs:-)

Different types of pollution

Today I will write about something that is a very vital issue regarding mother earth. You all know about pollution and pollution effects such as the effect of water pollution are harming not just mother us but directly to human too. But not many of us do anything to control it.

I want to give a start and so I am acknowledging the different types of pollution here itself:

• Air pollution.
• Water pollution.
• Noise pollution.
• Soil pollution.
• Thermal pollution.
I have just given a start; you all acknowledge the causes and start controlling these causes in order to save earth and save human kind.

Do share with me your experiences and suggestions.

Physical properties of Oxygen

Writing educating blogs is really a pleasurable experience. It not just allows me to help you but at the same time it helps me to refresh my own memories. We all are familiar of the gases such as Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon di oxide and so on and also we know about their respective physical quantities or properties. Today’s let’s learn the physical properties of oxygen and their physical structure.

The following are the physical properties of oxygen:

• Oxygen is colorless, odorless and tasteless in normal conditions.
• It is heavier than air.
• It is soluble in water.
• It is paramagnetic to nature
• It liquefies to give pale blue liquid.
I am sure you got a quality learning through this writing and I am sure you will post me your feedbacks.

Fish life Cycle

In this post we will learn about fish , and a basic fish life cycle.Fish live their entire life in water.

  

A typical fish life cycle starts with an egg. The egg hatches into what is called a yolk sac fry - a larval stage where the fish has an attached yolk that provides it with nourishment for its first week or two.

The true larval stage begins when the fish has absorbed the yolk and starts feeding for it self.

When the fish gets bigger and looks very much like an adult, it is considered a juvenile.

Once the fish matures and can reproduce and lay eggs, it becomes an adult. 

I guess this post was useful, please send me your suggestions and comments. In the next post we will learn about fish respiratory system in detail.

Types of Enzymes

In this post we will learn about the types of enzymes and their functions.

We have three main categories of enzymes:

1)      Metabolic Enzymes

2)      Digestive Enzymes

3)      Food Enzymes

Metabolic Enzymes: These metabolic enzymes are responsible for the smooth running of the body, tissues and organs. They help us in the overall growth of cells , repair and maintenance of the body’s organs and tissues.

Digestive Enzymes: Digestive enzymes are responsible in the digestion of food and the absorption and delivery of nutrients throughout the body.. Each enzyme is specific to a particular compound which it breaks or synthesizes

Food Enzymes: Food enzymes are derived solely from raw fruits, vegetables, and supplemental sources. Like digestive enzymes, they enable the body to digest the food by breaking down the various nutrients -- proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins and minerals - into smallest compounds that the body can absorb. They are absolutely essential in maintaining optimal health.

States of Water

There are 3 states of water. They are solid, liquid, and Gas. As we know there are various liquid solutions, which are formed by combining two liquids.

Gas to Liquid:  When the gas changes to liquid , we have a process of condensation. So, in this process gas cools and loses energy. So, the water particles are forced to change the state, from gas to a liquid.

Liquid to Solid: When a liquid changes to solid, the process is called freezing. When the liquid cools below the freezing point and loses energy. Then the particles are forced to change state from liquid to a solid.

Solid to Gas: When a solid changes directly to a gas, the process is names Sublimation.

Liquid to Gas:  This is a process where liquid changes into gas and the process is called evaporation. 

 I hope we have understood the different states of water. for more science help, please look into my other posts on science.

Convex Lenses

In this post we are learning about convex lens.Convex lens is the most commonly-seen type of lens. This type of lens is often used for close examination of small objects, such as rare stamps or coins.

Lens that possesses at least one surface that curves outwards. It causes light to deviate inward, bringing the rays of light to a focus, and is thus called a converging lens. A convex lens is thicker at its centre than at its edges, and is used to correct long-sightedness (hypermetropia).

The distance between the lens and the point at which all the rays of light converge (the focal point) is called the focal length. The centre of the lens is known as the optical centre.

At close distance a convex lens forms a magnified virtual image of an object. At further distances the image formed is real, and it can be focused and projected onto a screen behind the lens. The real image formed is upside down, and it can be smaller than, the same size as, or larger than the object depending upon how far the object is from the lens.

Types of Soil

In this post we will learn about soil and the types of soil .Soil can be defined as a thin layer on the surface of the Earth on which the living beings of the earth survive since it is the layer of materials in which plants have their roots.

Layers of Soil is made up of many things like weathered rock particles and decayed plant and animal matter. It takes a long time for soil formation and more than thousand years for the formation of a thin layer of soil. Since soil is made up of such diverse materials like broken down rock particles and organic material, it can be classified into various types, though based on the size of the particles it contains.

Soil Types

Therefore depending on the size of the particles in the soil, it can be classified into these following types:

• Sandy soil
• Silty soil
• Clay soil
• Loamy Soil
• Peaty Soil
• Chalky Soil 

I hpe this was a good and a useful post.

Animals Cells

In this post we will learn about animal cell, parts and functions.Animals cells are the cells which are found in animals. Normal human being is made up of trillions of animal cells.One important difference between an animal cell and plant cells is that animal cells can't make their own food.Plant cells make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.

The animal cells use the food to make the energy they need to reproduce and carry out basic functions. This process takes place in a part of the cell called the mitochondrion.We will also learn about animal cell functions in future blogs.

Atom Symbol

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. A desk, the air, even you are made up of atoms!

Atoms are composed of three type of particle namely protons, neutrons, and electron. Protons and neutrons are responsible for most of the atomic mass e.g in a 150 person 149 lbs, 15 oz are protons and neutrons while only 1 oz. is electrons. The mass of an electron is very small (9.108 X 10^-28 grams).
Both the protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus of an atom and is represented in the figure below..

Find below the atom symbol with details on the elements of atom.

Protons have a postive (+) charge, neutrons have no charge --they are neutral. Electrons reside in orbitals around the nucleus. They have a negative charge (-).

Ammonia Solution

Element Ammonia is very alkaline in nature and also reacts corrosively with all body tissues.Lets try to learn the basic properties of ammonia like the appearance, specific gravity ph of ammonia and melting point solution and its effects.
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid.
Odor: Intense, pungent, sufficating odor.
Solubility: Complete (100%)
Specific Gravity: ca. 0.90 @ 25C/25C
pH: 11.6 (1.0N)
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F):
100
Boiling Point: No information found.
Melting Point: - 77C (-107F)
Vapor Density (Air=1):
0.59 (ammonia gas)

The health effects of ammonia solution are given below:
Inhalation:
Ammonia is Corrosive in nature. Extremely destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
Ingestion:
Swallowing ammonia can cause severe burns of the mouth, and stomach, leading to death.
Skin Contact:
It is very corrosives may produce pain, redness, severe irritation or full thickness burns. May be absorbed through the skin with possible systemic effects.
Eye Contact:
Can cause blurred vision, redness, pain, severe tissue burns and eye damage.
Chronic Exposure:
Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may cause dermatitis. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause eye, liver, kidney, or lung damage.

Element Hydrogen

Hydrogen which has chemical symbol H, is named after the Greek word for "water-forming", is the most abundant element in the Universe. In fact more than nine-tenths of all atoms are hydrogen atoms. It is the stuff of stars, of cold "empty" space and of the Earth. The element hydrogen is found everywhere and in most compounds.

  

It is the most universal element. We also follow a hydrogen cycle for the better understanding of this element.Hydrogen is also the simplest halogen in creation. Its atom contains just one cation in its set, and only one electron is related with it. As a termination, gas is a tiny mote. But its naiveness explains why it is so coupler: it is the construction conceal from which separate elements are prefabricated. Though it is so coupling, element is rarely plant as a gas on Globe. It makes up exclusive three-quarters of 1% of the aggregation of the follower. This is because element molecules (combinations of two hydrogen atoms, described by the symbolization H2) weigh so soft that they can pose from the Connecter's weather. The exclusive unimprisoned element that survives is in pockets abyssal subsurface, relation of the delapidate walk that also forms oil and fresh gas.

Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

In this post we ware learning about metals , their properties and uses.

Lets first define a metal and understand the properties of metals and nonmetals.A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals. In chemistry, a metal is an element, compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity.We will also learn about extraction of metals and the various methods involved in extraction.

Properties of Non- Metals: Find below the properties of metals which includes the physical properties and chemical properties.

    Physical Properties:

1) Good electric conductors and heat conductors.

2) Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets.

    3) Ductile - can be stretched into wire.

4) Possess metallic luster.

5) Opaque as thin sheet.

Chemical Properties:

    1)Metals usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell.

    2) Lose their valence electrons easily.

    3) Form oxides that is basic.

 Properties of Non- Metals:

    Physical Properties:

1. Non metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
2. Non metals are brittle - if a solid.
3. Non metals are nonductile. Do not possess metallic luster.
4. They are transparent as a thin sheet.

    Chemical Properties:

1. Non metals usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.  
2. Non metals gain or share valence electrons easily.
3. They form oxides which are acidic.

I hope this post was useful.

Types of Nerves

We can define nerve as an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons).The nerves of the body provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system.

Nerves are of three types of nerves based on the types of neurons they carry. They are:

Sensory Nerves

They are made up of only sensory neurons. Examples for sensory nerves are the cranial nerves that conduct impulses from the organs to the central nervous system.

Motor Nerves

They are made up of only motor neurons. Examples for the motor nerves are the cranial nerves that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands (effector).

Mixed Nerves

The nerves that are made up of both sensory and motor neurons are called mixed nerves. Examples of mixed nerves are spinal nerves.

I hope this was a useful post. Readers please send in comments and suggestions and encourage me write more posts.

Importance of Biology

In this post we will learn the importance of biology in our day to day life.

As everyone says biology is the science of life and its existence.There are various branches of biology like,Botany, Zoology, etc.

The biological disciplines play a role to imply a significant responsibility for the protection and the welfare of all the living species. The knowledge about biology and the diversity of life forms and their conservation-exploitation is greatly important for our day by day life.

So, lets understand the importance of biology in our day to day life.We fall sick, once in a while, due to various reasons. When we go a doctor, he was able to accomplish a good diagnosis from our illness; he or she had to be familiar with the normal organic functions that we consider within the homeostatic parameters. This normal state, or homeostasis, is investigated by Biology.

Food resources and wellborn, factors that reason illnesses, plagues, sustainable development of spontaneous resources, the enhancement and use of reusable species, the discovery and production of medicines, the cerebrate of the functions of living beings, their attribute, etc., all are fields of search finished Assemblage.

The nutrient that we spend are materials produced by experience beings, the Accumulation studies the experience beings and the processes tacit in the creation of those nutritional substances. Besides, by capital of the Bioengineering, the Biologists activity for methods that egest to the producers to be writer effectual in the expansion of food and separate supplies for humans.

Physical properties of Water

In this post we will try and understand physical properties of water.We will first define water and then will discuss on the properties.

As we all know the water structure is made of two compounds of hydrogen and one compound of Oxygen.

Cohesion: Water molecules stick to each other.This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules. 

Adhesion: Water molecules stick to other surfaces.

Surface Tension: Water has the ability to support small objects.  The hydrogen bonds between neighboring molecules cause a “film” to develop at the surface.

Water has a high boiling point: Water is one of the few substances that remain a liquid at such a large range of temperatures (O-100 °C).  A large amount of energy must be invested to overcome the hydrogen bonds in liquid water to change it to the gas phase.

Capillary Action: Water has the ability to “climb” structures.  Think about what happens when you stick the tip of a straw in a glass of water.  

Ability to dissolve: Water is considered to be the universal solvent.  More substances will dissolve in water than any other liquid.  This includes other polar substances (such as sugar) and ionic compounds (such as salt).  

Properties of Carbon

Without the substance carbon, existence as we live it would not subsist. Carbon provides the framework for all tissues of plants and animals. These tissues are collective of elements classified around chains or rings made of carbon atoms. Paper also provides lowborn fuels--coal, dope, oil, gas, and raw gas. Edulcorate, polyose, and stuff are compounds of carbon with gas and element. Proteins such as filum, meat, and cloth contain element and else elements specified as nitrogen, element, and process.We will learn about the properties of carbon and its uses.

Carbon occurs in nature as the sixth most abounding environs in the collection and the 19th substance in position of mass in the Connector's impudence. The physical properties of carbon are explained in detail.As the element--in the forms of carbon, infield, and fullerene--it is a nonaged endeavour of the Connective' s cover, but compounds of carbon with different elements are really inferior. The chemical symbol for an mote of carbon is C. Any joint unbleached substances moneyed in carbon are fragment, petroleum, spontaneous gas, oil humate, limestone, coral, oyster shells, rock, dolomite, and magnesite. Limestone, coral, and shellfish shells are largely metal carbonate. Stone, dolomite, and magnesite also hold metal, magnesium, and paper.

Branches of Physics

 In this post we are learning about the branches of physics and their uses.

Physics involves the study of matter, its motion through space time, energy and time. We will try to learn the help with physics to this world.

Astrophysics: Astrophysics is the offset of astronomy that deals with the physics of the content, including the somatic properties (luminosity, spacing, temperature and chemical placement) of large objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar line, as healed as their interactions.

Minute and molecular physics: The thoughtfulness of the construction and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Biophysics : The subject of the program of the laws of physics to life processes.

Condensed-matter (solid-state) physics: The reflection of the physiological properties of solids, much as electrical, material, live, and thermal properties, and their knowing in status of fundamental physiological laws.

Cosmology : The musing of the content as a integral, of the listing, construction, and phylogeny of the collection from the point of measure to the prospective.

Geology :The muse of the physical characteristics and properties of the connecter; including geodesy, seismology, forecasting, oceanography, region energy, worldly magnetism, and tidal phenomena.

Theoretical physics:Theoretic physics attempts to interpret the world by making a possibility of realism, utilised for rationalizing, explaining, and predicting somatic phenomena finished a "corporeal theory".

Thermodynamics: The study of the personalty of changes in temperature, pressing, and loudness on corporal systems at the megascopic flake by analyzing the collective move of their particles using statistics.

Types of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate can be defined as a sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide. In this post we will learn the different types of carbohydrates and the functions of carbohydrates.


Types of carbohydrates:

1)    Simple Carbohydrates: These are made up of basic sugar. Example: vegetables, fruits, milk.

2)    Complex Carbohydrates: As name suggests it’s a combination of sugars. Example: cereals, bread

3)    Monosaccharides: These are the basic compounds with a cyclic structure consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. Example : Glucose

4)    Disaccharides: These carbohydrates mean 'two sugars', which refer to the commonly available types such as sucrose, maltose and lactose.

5)    Oligosaccharides: These are carbohydrates with more than two basic types of sugar molecules, usually between three and ten basic units.

6)    Polysaccharides: These are also called monomers and are composed of thousands of molecules of the basic units of glucose.

7)    Nucleotides: It is another complex carbohydrate which contains many molecules of cyclic sugar.

The Carbohydrates are essential elements needed by the human body. So, lets find functions of carbohydrates and its importance. As the body breaks sugars to be formed into glucose, a good source of glucose will facilitate in feeding the entire cells of the body. Any inadequacy and influx might lead to adverse effects, thus, it is vital that the supply of sugar in the body is distributed in moderation.

Parts of a Eye

Parts of a Eye:



Eye is a very important organ of our body. Let’s learn about the parts of eye and its functions in giving us vision.

      Sclera: The sclera is the white of the eye. "Don't shoot until you see their scleras."

      The Cornea: The cornea is the clear bulging surface in front of the eye. It is the main refractive surface of the eye.

      Anterior & Posterior Chambers

      Iris/Pupil

      Lens

      Vitreous Humor

      Retina

      The Fovea

      The Macula

      The Ophthalmoscope

Usually Eye problems diagnosis is very expensive and crucial. Eye is very sensitive and needs to be taken care because vision is a very important.

General Knowledge Questions

What is General Knowledge??

General Knowledge can be defined as “Anything generally known to everyone”. So, in this post we will have some general knowledge questions which need to be answered is less than 1 minute.

1.    Which country is called "Land Of White Elephants'?

2.    Which is the world's coldest place?

3.    Which city is known as Venice Of the North?

4.    In which part of the Swiss valley would you build a house and why?

5.    Which Canadian seaport is 1610 km from the sea?

6.    What causes tides?

7.    Which clouds are composed mainly of ice crystals?

8.    What is an aurora?

9.    What is a ‘cold desert?

10. What are halogens, and their uses?

Find answers to the above questions and post the answers in comments. I will let you know if the answers are correct.

Photosynthesis

In this post we will define Photosynthesis and also learn the process involved in Photosynthesis.Sunlight plays a important role.All the food we eat and all the fossil fuel we use is a product of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be used by biological systems. Photosynthesis is carried out by many different organisms, ranging from plants to bacteria.

The best known form of photosynthesis is the one carried out by higher plants and algae, as well as by cyanobacteria and their relatives, which are responsible for a major part of photosynthesis in oceans. All these organisms convert CO₂ (carbon dioxide) to organic material by reducing this gas to carbohydrates in a rather complex set of reactions.So we now know the products of  photosynthesis and also know how the process takes place.

Electrons for this reduction reaction ultimately come from water, which is then converted to oxygen and protons. Energy for this process is provided by light, which is absorbed by pigments (primarily chlorophylls and carotenoids). Chlorophylls absorb blue and red light and carotenoids absorb blue-green light , but green and yellow light are not effectively absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in plants; therefore, light of these colors is either reflected by leaves or passes through the leaves. This is why plants are green.

Nutrition in Plants

Plant nutrition is a very important topic covered under botany. We will learn about nutrition in plants in this post. Plants use inorganic minerals for nutrition wherever they grow. Usually plants intake involves rock minerals, decaying organic matter, animals and microbes.

The Elements of complete plant nutrition includes:

1) Nitrogen

2) Phosphorus

3) Potassium

4) Sulfur

5) Magnesium

6) Calcium

Study of plants also involves study related to fertilisation, classification of plants and anatomy of plants. We will learn more about it in future posts.

Clssification of Plants

Plants are living organisms which belong to the kingdom plantae. This includes grasses to large trees. The study of plants is named botony. We have already identifies 350,000 extant species of plants . We will learn the different names of plants and its features.

There are various types of plants. There are different types of plants which can be broadly classifies as follows:

• Cactus Plants
• Herbs
• Trees
• Shrubs and Bushes
• Vegetables
• Flowers
• Vegetables

 Plants are a very broad term which can be studied and understood in depth. We have study related to nutrition in plants, respiratory system in plants so on. We will try to learn more about plants and its features in the future posts.